| Don’t know |
Omit |
when respondents are familiar with the topic [@35199]; otherwise, it reduces the proportion of “real” attitudes [@35196]. |
| Reverse (provide) |
when respondents are unfamiliar with the topic. |
| Midpoint |
Provide |
when conceptually required [@35196], as it prevents response bias [@35199]; otherwise, it decreases measurement quality. |
| Reverse (omit) |
when conceptually not required. |