| Topics |
|
|
| Military conflict, war? |
-10.12 (4.19)** |
-6.16 (3.00) * |
| Retirement, social security? |
-8.80 (3.81) * |
-9.65 (3.59) ** |
| Federal budget, spending? |
1.13 (4.92) n.s. |
|
| World affairs? |
1.69 (4.96) n.s. |
|
| Initial position |
|
|
| Liberal ideology on prior question? |
2.41 (2.08) n.s. |
|
| Initially favored the prior? |
5.67 (2.19) ** |
4.89 (1.99) * |
| % “most important problem”? |
-.17 (.15) n.s. |
|
| Counterargument format and content |
|
|
| Political party or partisan figure mentioned? |
2.14 (5.74) n.s. |
|
| Health, death, illness, disease mentioned? |
-1.71 (2.45) n.s. |
|
| Financial costs mentioned? |
-3.54 (2.55) n.s. |
|
| Explicit reminder of prior answer? |
2.79 (3.97) n.s. |
|
| Number of previous counterarguments asked? |
4.17 (.88) *** |
3.94 (.69) *** |
| Survey artifacts |
|
|
| Original “don’t know” offered? |
-1.55 (6.98) n.s. |
|
| Skip between prior question and counterargument? |
-2.79 (2.21) n.s. |
|
| Prior question within the first five on the survey? |
-6.95 (3.10) * |
-6.64 (2.55) ** |
| House effects |
|
|
| CBS/New York Times |
10.08 (4.31) * |
8.37 (3.65) * |
| Gallup |
1.81 (3.83) n.s |
|
| Harris |
5.22 (5.99) n.s. |
|
| Mode effects |
|
|
| In-person? |
-10.12 (6.40) n.s. |
|
| On-line? |
10.50 (4.21) ** |
9.43 (3.92) * |
| Constant |
35.1 (4.70) *** |
33.52 (1.69) *** |
| R-2 |
.26 |
.21 |
| Adjusted R-2 |
.20 |
.19 |
| Standard error of estimate |
14.61 |
14.89 |